Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved and have been found in all eukaryotic organisms investigated. They are involved in many varied cellular processes, and interact with hundreds of other proteins. Among many other roles in cells, yeast 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in rapamycin-mediated cell signalling. We determined the transcription profiles of bmh1 and bmh2 yeast after treatment with rapamycin. We found that, under these conditions, BMH1 and BMH2 are required for rapamycin-induced regulation of distinct, but overlapping sets of genes. Both Bmh1 and Bmh2 associate with the promoters of at least some of these genes. BMH2, but not BMH1, attenuates the repression of genes involved in some functions required for ribosome biogenesis. BMH2 also attenuates the activation of genes sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression.
Highlights
14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved and have been found in all eukaryotes investigated
We determined the transcription profiles of bmh1 and bmh2 yeast after treatment with rapamycin. Under these conditions, BMH1 and BMH2 are required for rapamycininduced regulation of distinct, but overlapping sets of genes including those involved in ribosome biogenesis and nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR)
BMH1 and BMH2 are required for the rapamycin-induced regulation of different sets of genes To determine the roles of BMH1 and BMH2 in transcriptional regulation following rapamycin treatment, we used microarrays to examine relative levels of each yeast mRNA
Summary
14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved and have been found in all eukaryotes investigated. In all genetic backgrounds tested, with the exception of 1248, deletion of both BMH1 and BMH2 is lethal; deleting only one of these proteins has little effect on cell growth or viability [4,5] They most commonly form homodimers or heterodimers, but they have been reported to act without forming dimers [6]. Previous studies have examined the transcription profile of yeast missing both of the BMH proteins under standard growth conditions [24,25] These studies found that the BMH proteins are mainly required for the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, the stress response, and protein synthesis and folding. They regulate transporters of amino acids and Rtg3-regulated genes [24,25]
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