Abstract
Problem statement: DNA microarray technique is one of the latest advances in the field of molecular biology and medicine. It is a multiplex technique used in combination of bioinformatics and statistical data analysis. Since, 1995, the technique offers the possibility of conducting tens or hundreds of thousands of simultaneous hybridizations. Approach: This increased experimental efficiency permits high throughput and whole genome expression profiling of pathogens and hosts. Results: Microarray technologies are rapidly advancing with numerous applications in gene expression, genotyping, pharmaco-genomics, proteomics and cell biology, in infectious diseases recognizing the causative agent, molecular typing, in studying the interactions between causative agents and host cells, cancer biology, genetics, determining the presence of a pathogen in food samples, to characterize microbial isolates, identifying the presence of virulence factors or microbial resistance genes, to detect microbial mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral drugs, simultaneously detect and discriminate several viruses, to study the contaminants in cultures, such as mycoplasma, yeasts, fungi, exogenous and endogenous viruses and prions from both animal and human origin so and so forth. Conclusion: This article reviewed the applicability of this technique elaborately in some of the important areas of biological sciences.
Highlights
DNA microarray technique is one of the latest advances in the field of molecular biology and medicine
Bryant and co-researchers[2] reported in his article about microarray that the two developments that are set to revolutionize research and clinical management of infectious diseases are the availability of human genome together with the sequencing of many pathogen genomes and the second as the development of microarray technology
Microarray technology is a powerful tool for analyzing the expression profile of thousands of genes in a global way and can be applied to the study of various biological systems
Summary
DNA microarray technique is one of the latest advances in the field of molecular biology and medicine. Leblanc and co-researcher[50] reported a novel method of magnetic bead microarray for the rapid detection and identification of the four recognized species in the pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, i.e., classical swine fever virus, border disease virus, BVDV1 and 2, which allowed specific and sensitive virus detection They concluded that based on the simplicity of the assay, the protocols for hybridization and magnetic bead detection offer an emerging application for molecular diagnoses in virology that is amenable for use in a modestly equipped laboratory. Diagnostic microarray was used to characterize a collection of MRSA isolates from hospital cases by detecting variants that differed mainly in the carriage of of simultaneously conducting tens or hundreds of thousands of simultaneous hybridizations This increased experimental efficiency permits high throughput and whole genome expression profiling of pathogens and hosts. The AVR-Chip provided a method for rapidly screening influenza viruses for adamantane sensitivity, which could be extended to detect resistance to other chemotherapeutics
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