Abstract

Two amines, serotonin and octopamine, and a pentapeptide, proctolin, function as neurohormones in the lobster nervous system. This review article summarizes findings from this laboratory on: (i) the biosynthesis and further metabolism of the amines; (ii) the localization of amines at a cellular level using immunocytochemical methods; (iii) the physiological effects of the amines and proctolin on exoskeletal muscles and preliminary studies of the molecular basis of these effects; and (iv) explorations on the actions of amines on motoneurons of the ventral nerve cord that show that amines direct the readout of central motor programs for flexion and extension.

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