Abstract

Two amines, serotonin and octopamine, and a pentapeptide, proctolin, function as neurohormones in lobsters. The amines, when injected into lobsters, cause the production of stereotyped and opposing postures. This article explores the generation of these postures. It includes an examination of the distribution and localization of these substances in the lobster nervous system, a description of mechanisms of neurohormonal modulation at neuromuscular junctions, a presentation of the evidence that amines trigger the readout of central motor programs governing posture, and a discussion of the possibility that single identified neurons may regulate complex behaviors in lobsters and other invertebrate organisms.

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