‘The weatherman and the umbrella’: a case of complex and multilayered defence intelligence relations in the Netherlands

Abstract

ABSTRACTIn this case study, I explore the relationship between the Dutch Intelligence and Security Service and the Directorate of Operations J2. Using interview data and publicly available documents, I analyse the interaction between DISS and DOPS J2 using a framework on different role models adapted from public administration theory. I found that although the formal organizational structure portrays the relationship as separated, the relationship is more layered and complex in practice, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexity and multilayered nature of defence intelligence relations, where interaction often goes beyond the dichotomous portrayal that is predominantly found in literature.