Abstract
This article describes the results of the retrospective numerical simulation of wind waves in the Sea of Azov using the SWAN spectral wave model and the ERA-Interim global reanalysis for 1979–2019. A digital model of the sea-floor relief of the Sea of Azov was used for the calculations. This model was built using a bathymetric map of the Sea of Azov, as well as nautical charts and remote sensing data. Verification of the model for the conditions that characterize the Sea of Azov was conducted using data from ship observations of wind waves. The features of the mean long-term wind wave patterns, as well as the seasonal, interannual, and interdecadal dynamics were presented. The main focus was on the following parameters: significant wave height, wave period, and wave direction. A description of storm conditions and a comparison with surge phenomena and ice conditions was also completed. The results indicated that, in contrast to Taganrog Bay, the wave patterns were heavily influenced according to the time of year (i.e., the seasons). The maximum wave heights were typical for the cold season of the year but not for the ice-free period. The interannual dynamics of wind waves were characterized by the alternation of three five-year periods of strengthening and weakening of wind waves. After 2002, the wave height increased in the summer and autumn seasons and slightly decreased in winter and spring. A shift of the storm season to a warmer period was also detected.
Highlights
IntroductionClimatic conditions determine the vital activity and development in different regions of the planet
Academic Editor: Chih-ChiehClimatic conditions determine the vital activity and development in different regions of the planet
This paper describes the results of retrospective, numerical simulation of the wind waves in the Sea of Azov during 1979–2019
Summary
Climatic conditions determine the vital activity and development in different regions of the planet. As a result of their influence, regions and countries have developed specific economic and social policies, and appropriate infrastructure has been built for sensitive industries, such as farming and shipping. We have been trying to establish a harmonious relationship with the natural world, whether that involves embracing the benefits of a favorable climate or learning to adapt to a harsher one. Despite some successes in striking that balance, dangerous natural phenomena still occur, both exogenous and endogenous. Climatic and natural conditions make some regions of the planet more likely locations for dangerous phenomena. With the assistance of accurate forecasting methods, which have developed and improved significantly in the 21st century, we are able to take preventative measures and avoid catastrophes, but only under certain conditions and circumstances.
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