Abstract
New Zealanders, by geographical necessity and choice, are coastal dwellers who place high cultural and historical values upon the foreshore, seabed and coastal waters. Their attitudes towards the marine environment, which have been shaped by their location and by international environmental events, are limited to their visible horizon and do not generally have regard for the environmental and management issues concerning their vast maritime area of jurisdiction. They have led the world in environmental management of their land, waterways and coastal marine area but have been slow to recognise or accept the need to integrate the oceans with these regimes.Maori, in particular, place very high spiritual and cultural values upon the coastline and these values, along with those of all New Zealanders, have been belatedly recognised through law and through the development and consultative processes carried out to date in the formulation of an oceans policy. That policy development is currently stalled due to ind...
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