The view from the top left corner

A system that can position objects while working in the field is very important as a navigational reference for a smart tractor. In this research, a local positioning system based on rotating lasers with 4 receiver poles was developed. The method used is to rotate the laser (transmitter) with a constant speed, then calculate the trigger time on each pole (receiver), so that the angle between the laser and each pole can be determined. Then the coordinate’s position of the laser is calculated by the triangulation method, with a mean of 4 predicted positions. The static tests were carried out in a field with a length of 10,000 cm and a width of 5,000 cm under daytime and night time conditions. Measurements were carried out at 5 critical positions, namely in the middle (ps1), the lower left corner (ps2), top left corner (ps3), top right corner (ps4) and bottom left corner (ps5). The average error on position reading is not too different, that is 16.8 cm during the day and 23.2 cm at night. The smallest error is 5.7 cm in ps4 while the biggest error is 37.4 cm in ps1 all of which were tested at night.

SNARE protein complexes are key mediators of exocytosis by juxtaposing opposing membranes, leading to membrane fusion. SNAREs generally consist of one or two core domains that can form a four-helix bundle with other SNARE core domains. Some SNAREs, such as syntaxin target-SNAREs and longin vesicular-SNAREs, have independent, folded N-terminal domains that can interact with their respective SNARE core domains and thereby affect the kinetics of SNARE complex formation. This autoinhibition mechanism is believed to regulate the role of the longin VAMP7/TI-VAMP in neuronal morphogenesis. Here we use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the longin-SNARE core domain interaction for VAMP7. Using complete backbone resonance assignments, chemical shift perturbations analysis, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments, we conclusively show that VAMP7 adopts a preferentially closed conformation in solution. Taken together, the closed conformation of longins is conserved, in contrast to the syntaxin family of SNAREs for which mixtures of open and closed states have been observed. This may indicate different regulatory mechanisms for SNARE complexes containing syntaxins and longins, respectively.

Augmented Reality (AR) applications for mobile devices are common nowadays, however the information superimposed over the image captured by the device's camera is limited to its field of view. To address this problem in the visualization of points of interest (POI), we have combined the AR view with the display of the POI's location in a map to increase user awareness about nearby POI. It gives insight about the orientation and distance between the POI and the user. We developed 3 solutions: (1) including cues to off-screen POI in a frame at the border of the AR view and providing an alternative map view; (2) combining the AR view with a mini-map superimposed on its top left corner; and (3) combining the AR view with a circular radar view on its top left corner. A usability study performed to compare these approaches revealed that, although all the approaches were positively appreciated, the solution with a mini-map was the preferred one.

Buoyancy-driven flows were investigated inside an enclosure with an inner cylinder embedded within it. The square enclosure contains the power law fluids. The effects are reported for the position of the cylinder along the horizontal and diagonal directions on the flow and thermal characteristics based on a rigorous unsteady numerical analysis. The cylinder was placed at several locations along the diagonal near the top-left corner, the center, and near the bottom right corner. The cylinder was also placed along the horizontal centerline near the right wall. This paper reports the effects of shear thickening and thinning fluids on the heat transfer mechanism in the enclosure. The thermal characteristics were more pronounced when the cylinder was near the bottom right corner than when near the top left corner and at the center. Pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids can be used in applications requiring increased and decreased heat transfer rates, respectively.

The boresight of the aerial remote sensing camera (ARSC) need to be elicited to the reference coordinate system of the satellite after the assemblage of the whole satellite. Because it is difficult to aim the boresight after finish fixing the camera to the satellite, the boresight must be elicited by a cube before the fixing. So the cube coordinate system can be transited to the reference coordinate system. The boresight of the camera is measured by a theodolite. The orientation of the boresight can be solved through measuring four angles of the CCD, the top left corner, the bottom left corner, the top right corner, and the bottom right corner, and then the spatial angle of the boresight can be solved. According to the traditional methods of the data processing after boresight measuring, the limitation has been analyzed by using the Mat lab software. The trace of motion of the theodolite is provided, while it is rotating horizontally with a vertical angle around the vertical axis and rotating vertically with a horizontal angle around the horizontal axis. Based on the vector combination theory, the normalized vector of the boresight can be obtained, so the spatial angle of the boresight can also be calculated. At last, this paper shows two applications in factual measuring.

Taking a Joke Seriously:Mickey Mouse and William Kentridge1 Nienke Boer Transformation, metamorphosis is of course the bread and butter of animation in the studio. Something difficult to do… on the stage, to turn a cat into a telephone, gets called together by the cloth, the paper, the charcoal, the eraser. —William Kentridge, "Drawing Lesson 5: In Praise of Mistranslation." The film opens in what appears to be the control room of a large organization: computers line the left wall, and, on a large clock, moving hands illustrate the passage of time. The scene shifts abruptly to a man in a pinstriped business suit, standing in what seems to be a bedroom (wood flooring, a fireplace, a small rug and the end of a single bed), reading a letter, which moves slightly as he holds it. Then, the third scene: a difficult-to-identify structure next to the side of a road—gleaming tracks on the road suggest that it could be a tram station, but the position of the windows also hint at the security booth of a gated community or large business. A bird flies over from the top left corner of the screen, leaving a smudged trail behind it, and the scene changes again, to a close-up of the top of [End Page 1146] a power line, where a bird (the same one?) appears at the top left corner and flies across the screen, still trailing black smudges. Finally, the scene shifts again and a black cat walks across the screen from left to right. As the cat walks along a white wall, letters spelling out the word "Stereoscope" appear one by one on the wall behind it. This is the "cold open" of William Kentridge's eighth Drawing for Projection, Stereoscope (1999). All of this is drawn in charcoal and animated by a kind of stop-motion animation, where small changes are made to a base drawing in between sequential shots of it. Thus "each sequence as opposed to each frame of the film is a single drawing" (Kentridge, "'Fortuna'" 64). The charcoal leaves smudged traces behind when it is erased, resulting in, for example, the trail behind the bird as it flies across the sky. Kentridge uses this technique, which he calls "stone age film-making" ("'Fortuna'" 61), to produce a drawn and animated world peopled by three main characters—the man in the pinstripe suit, Soho Eckstein, his wife, Mrs. Eckstein, and Felix Teitlebaum, an artist who pursues Mrs. Eckstein—along with an accompanying cast of, among others, miners, doctors, police agents, a land surveyor called Nandi, a living statue, and an omnipresent black cat. I've described this opening sequence in such great detail because it includes many of the stylistic features that I'll discuss in this paper: the imitation of filmic conventions (the moving hands on the clock indicating the accelerated passage of time); the use of visual cues to create meaning (we know Soho is reading the letter because it moves slightly in his hand); the creation of continuity between shots (the bird flying from left to right, linking two sequential drawings, suggests that these scenes are temporally and geographically adjacent); the mixing of realistic and impossible effects (the outsize cat patrolling a suburban wall and producing the word "Stereoscope" behind it). In my attempt to address the question of why Kentridge, in this particular section of his substantial body of work (which includes everything from constructing large mechanically-operated music instruments to directing and co-designing the Metropolitan Opera's 2010 production of Shostakovich's The Nose), chooses to engage with animation, I examine how he uses both the technological apparatus and techniques of this medium, and what they allow him to do. In this brief introduction I begin to suggest some answers, but a fuller explanation will require me to delve back into the history of the medium itself. Rosalind Krauss, in her article "'The Rock': William Kentridge's Drawings for Projection" (originally published in 2000), has written very insightfully on Kentridge's technique of "stone-age film-making." To [End Page 1147] Krauss, "the medium is the memory" (19), and thus, in order to study...

Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans

UML activity diagrams are the object-oriented equivalent of flow charts and data-flow diagrams from structured development (Gane and Sarson 1979). In UML 1.x, UML activity diagrams were a specialization of UML state machine diagrams, although in UML 2.x they are full-fledged artifacts. UML activity diagrams are used to explore the logic of ■ a complex operation, ■ a complex business rule, ■ a single use case, ■ several use cases, ■ a business process, ■ concurrent processes, ■ software processes. General Guidelines Place the Starting Point in the Top Left Corner A starting point is modeled with a filled circle, using the same notation that UML state chart diagrams use. Every UML activity diagram should have a starting point, and placing it at the top left corner reflects the way that people in Western cultures begin reading. Figure 41, depicting the business process of enrolling in a university, takes this approach. Another good option is to place it at the top center of the diagram. Include an Ending Point An ending point is modeled with a filled circle with a border around it. Some people's style is to make ending points optional—sometimes an activity is simply a dead end—but if this is the case, then there is no harm in indicating that the only activity edge (formerly known as a transition) is to an ending point. That way, when someone else reads your diagram, they know that you have considered how to exit these activities.

A 1:30,000 substratum map for an area off the north coast of Ireland is presented. The study area is bounded in the south by the Causeway coastline and in the north by the following coordinates: top left corner (6°43′36″W, 55°17′N) and top right corner (6°27′W, 55°17′N). This mapping has been made possible through the availability of full seafloor coverage multibeam swath bathymetry and backscatter data (both gridded to 1 m), together with ground-truthing data collected over the past 40 years. Bathymetry data were used to generate terrain indices such as slope, rugosity, aspect, fine- and broad-scale Benthic Position Index, whilst the backscatter data were interpreted visually, subjected to an unsupervised classification process using QTC Multiview, and combined with the bathymetry-derived parameters into a clustermap in ArcGIS. The resulting maps allowed us to divide the seabed into 10 distinct acoustic classes, which, linked to sediment samples, diver surveys, underwater video-tows and remotely operated vehicle surveys, were converted into a substratum map. This is the most accurate seafloor substratum map to date for the north coast of Ireland and could form the basis for more in-depth geological, biological and hydrodynamic studies of this highly dynamic coastline.

The study of natural convection in triangular enclosures has many practical applications. In this paper, natural convection heat transfer inside triangular cavities with two different right-angle positions is studied numerically by the second-order lattice Boltzmann method. The effects of Rayleigh number and geometrical parameters of the cavity on the flow field and heat transfer for various base angles are completely analyzed. The combination of the two topics (different base angles in triangular cavities and different right-angle positions in the cavity) is the main novelty of the present study. When the right angle of the cavity is located at the bottom left corner, the local Nusselt number is continuously increased from the horizontal wall to the singular point. In contrast, when the right angle is at the top left corner, the obtained results show a minimum value in the local Nusselt number as a function of triangle angle. Strictly speaking, this is physically due to the effects of interaction of the cold fluid layer (near the vertical wall) with the hot fluid layer moving upward. By analysis of different base angles, as the base angle of the cavity increases, the location of the observed minimum Nusselt number moves away from the intersection point between the hot and cold walls. Our work extends the previous paper of Kent et al. (Int J Heat Mass Transf 44:187–200, 2007) by the analysis of different triangular cavities.

We have used Virtual Observatory technology to analyse the disk scale length and central surface brightness for a sample of 29955 bright disk galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We use the results in the r-band and revisit the relation between these parameters and the galaxy morphology, and find the average disk surface brightness of 20.2(0.7) mag/arcsec^2. We confirm that late type spirals populate the lower left corner of the scale length-mu0 plane and that the early and intermediate spirals are mixed in this diagram, with disky ellipticals at the top left corner. We further investigate the Freeman Law and affirm that it indeed defines an upper limit for the disk central surface brightness in bright galaxies, and that disks in late type spirals have fainter central surface brightness. Our results are based on a volume corrected sample of galaxies in the local universe (z < 0.3) that is two orders of magnitudes larger than any sample previously studied, and deliver statistically significant implications that provide a comprehensive test bed for future theoretical studies and numerical simulations of galaxy formation and evolution.

目的 探讨尿白蛋白在糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)不同临床分型阶段中的应用价值,了解尿白蛋白与DR病程的相关性,探讨它在DR中的临床应用价值,以期用于DR病情监测.方法 前瞻性调查研究.散瞳眼底检查在糖尿病人群中测定96例存在视网膜病变患者(病例组)及144例尚未出现视网膜病变患者(对照组)的尿白蛋白水平.计量资料采用u检验,进行相关性分析,并应用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线进行比较和分析.结果 尿白蛋白水平在DR不同临床分型的组间差异有统计学意义(F=10.683,P=0.000).DR不同临床分型的ROC曲线分析:在轻度非增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变(nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)时期,尿白蛋白ROC曲线位于机会对角线以下,曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)仅为0.441;而在中、重度NPDR时期,当诊断界值为12.7 mg/L(约登指数=0.440)时,尿白蛋白的AUC为0.742,特异度(specificity,SPE)为56.10%,灵敏度(sensitivity,SEN)为87.88%;在增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)时期,当诊断界值为45 mg/L时(约登指数=0.503),其AUC为0.761,SPE为87.80%,SEN为62.50%.结论 尿白蛋白的表达水平与DR程度相关,可以反映DR的发展情况,辅助临床对糖尿病性视网膜病变进行监测。

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 397K, A heatmap showing the gene-wise correlation analysis comparing the PCR data set with the Affymetrix data set for the common samples only. The PCR genes and the Affymetrix genes are depicted respectively in the rows and the columns. Each cell at the intersection between a row (PCR gene) and a column (Affymetrix gene) is color-coded according to the strength of the Spearman correlation coefficient. The legend linking the color-code to the correlation coefficient is provided in the top left corner. Along the diagonal from top left to bottom right, a distinctive pattern of yellow squares can be discerned, indicating overall strong gene-wise correlations between the PCR genes and the Affymetrix genes, validating the gene expression profiles obtained using both techniques&lt;/p&gt;

The original manuscript is handwritten in pen and pencil on fifty-five loose sheets of paper, each measuring approximately 14 x 20 cm. The original pages are numbered in the top left corner; however, there are two pages numbered 30 and no page 23, presumably due to extensive editing on Marquand’s part. In addition to Marquand’s at times difficult handwriting, there are many corrections in the original manuscript (including extensive crossings-out and even some pasted over sections) which make...

The Cover Feature shows the catalytic activity exerted by a minimalistic peptide behaving as an organocatalyst in a Michael addition. A supramolecular arrangement on the catalyst in fibrils showed to remarkably improve the TOF of the catalyst. The aldehyde donors and nitroalkenes acceptors are represented in the top left corner and are largely converted to the adduct as the reaction proceeds, towards the bottom right. Across the image the self-assembled fibrils of a minimalistic tripeptide, catalyzing the reaction, are shown; the tripeptide is shown in detail, colored green, for one of the fibrils. Image credit: Nicola De Mitri. More information can be found in the Communication by A. Carlone et al.