The venous bed of the shoulder and forearm area of the fruits of blackand-white cows

Abstract

Embryonic development and formation of the bloodstream, namely the venous outflow highways of the shoulder and forearm area in the fetuses of black-and-white cows, in our opinion, are an urgent topic for study. Unfortunately, despite active measures to prevent limb injuries in animals, modern veterinary agricultural complexes continue to face periodic non-contagious diseases associated with limb injury. The cascade of reactions occurring in the body after an injury is inextricably linked with the venous system of fluid outflow from the limbs of animals. The corpses of fetuses of black-and-white cows aborted at the fifth month of pregnancy with no signs of infectious diseases were used as the studied material. In total, five fruits were examined, delivered from private farms of the Leningrad region. The following research methods were used: fine anatomical dissection, vasorentgenography, morphometry using an electronic caliper, measuring ruler and the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer program. As a result of the study, we found that in the fetuses of black-and–white cows at the fifth month of pregnancy, the outflow of venous blood from the shoulder and forearm area is carried out through the following vessels: the superficial venous trunk in the forearm area is formed by the additional subcutaneous vein and the subcutaneous vein of the forearm; the deep venous trunk is formed by the median radial vein, as well as the initial sections of the shoulder veins and median vein of the elbow. The largest diameter in the forearm area are the veins of the superficial trunk. This is due to the fact that it takes the bulk of the blood from the brush area. Venous valves are located more often in the vessels of the deep trunk than in the superficial trunk. This is due to their location and hemodynamic functions, as they contract more strongly than the surface ones. An extensive venous bed is necessary for the passage of a large amount of blood, so the diameter of the vessels of the deep trunk of the shoulder area is larger than the surface.