PECULIARITIES OF HUMAN PROSTATE VENOUS BLOOD FLOW

Abstract

This article reviews scientific sources on the venous bed of the human prostate. In general, venous blood outflow from the prostate gland is provided by the prostate venous plexus. This plexus anastomoses with the deep dorsal vein of the penis, posterior scrotal veins, as well as with the hemorrhoidal and urinary bladder plexuses and with the Santorini’s venous plexus (collects blood from the prostate gland, the bottom of the bladder and seminal vesicles and enters the internal iliac vein). It is the Santorini’s venous plexus, which is often associated with massive blood loss during the surgical operations on the prostate. Since the structure of the venous intraorgan bloodstream in the prostate mainly corresponds to that for the arteries, three groups of veins are respectively distinguished. These are the intergland veins, which run to the venous plexus of the prostate capsule, the veins entering the venous plexus of the submucosal base of the urethra and, finally, the veins of the venous plexus, lying next to the ejaculatory duct. Blood flows from the parenchyma of the gland into the prostatic venous plexus through intraorgan veins, which has a complex structure and surrounds the prostate from almost all the sides. Some authors consider the periprostatic venous plexus to be a part of a single urogenital plexus. In the structure of the genitourinary venous plexus, numerous adduction and abduction pathways take place that deliver blood from the external and internal genital organs, the bladder, the distal parts of the ureters and partially from the walls of the rectum and pelvic bones. Analysis of the literature has shown that there are omissions in the study of the structure of the venous channel of the human prostate gland. They are the lack of data on the links of the circulatory microvasculature and the features of its spatial organization; the connection of the venous bed with the secretion and secretion processes; systematized data on anastomoses and their exact localization.