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Abstract
This study proposes a new use for a paper industry waste material, lignin, in agriculture and agronomy as a fertilizer for arid soils, while following a strategy aiming to both increase the amount of organic matter in these soils and decrease the impact of pollution caused by industrial discharges that contain organic and/or inorganic pollutants generated by the paper industry. In fact, this method works to improve soil quality through a new carbon-rich bioorganic fertilizer (biolignin) that results from a green method called CIMV, a targeted depollution objective of the paper industry. Over the course of 180 days, we monitored the physicochemical and biological characteristics of degraded soils treated with three different biolignin treatments of 0 (D0), 2 (D1), and 4 (D2) g/kg. The humification was then evaluated by the equation E4/E6. A remarkable variation of the physicochemical and biological parameters was observed in D1 and D2: temperature 12–38 °C, humidity 9–29%, and pH 7.06–8.73. The C/N ratio decreased from 266 to 49. After 180 days, the improvement in soil carbon content for the three treatments D0, D1, and D2 was 14%, 19%, and 24%, respectively. A maximum bacterial biomass of 152 (CFU/g soil) was observed on the 30th day for D1. Maximum laccase activity for D2 was observed on the 120th day. D1 and D2 recorded a significant degree of humification compared to D0. The best indicator of humification E4/E6 was observed in D1, where the value reached 2.66 at the end of the treatment period. The D2 treatment showed a remarkable effect improving the fertility of the degraded soil, which confirms that biolignin is a good fertilizer.
Highlights
IntroductionLignin is the most plentiful biopolymer present on our planet. It is regarded as a significant waste product of the paper industry, as it is co-produced from low-value black liquor (paste reduction liquor) [1].The paper industry causes serious environmental hazards by producing black liquor [2], which pollutes rivers [3]
After cellulose, lignin is the most plentiful biopolymer present on our planet
We found that there are interactions between treatments and sampling times for all measured parameters. It was confirmed by RMANOVA (Tables 2 and S1) that the effect of the treatment has a significant impact on all the soil parameters except for carbon (p = 0.084)
Summary
Lignin is the most plentiful biopolymer present on our planet. It is regarded as a significant waste product of the paper industry, as it is co-produced from low-value black liquor (paste reduction liquor) [1].The paper industry causes serious environmental hazards by producing black liquor [2], which pollutes rivers [3]. Lignin is the most plentiful biopolymer present on our planet. It is regarded as a significant waste product of the paper industry, as it is co-produced from low-value black liquor (paste reduction liquor) [1]. The paper industry causes serious environmental hazards by producing black liquor [2], which pollutes rivers [3]. In Algeria and Tunisia, cell PAP factories bake Esparto grass into pulp [4], producing a high-quality paste, but lignin and hemicellulose are used in low-value-added applications, such as power generation processes. The silicon compound that is initially found in Esparto grass makes recycling chemicals even more complicated [5]
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