Abstract
Abstract Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) frequently affects children and young adults and is an autoimmune condition caused by untreated Group A Streptococcal (GAS) infection of the upper respiratory tract (and skin). Repeated or very severe ARF attacks that are left untreated, can lead to Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) - permanent cardiac damage. RHD is rare in developed countries and yet remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately the disease burden of ARF and RHD amongst Indigenous and Pacific communities in New Zealand, Australia and the Pacific Region are amongst the highest in the world. In the absence of a GAS vaccine, the recommended preventative measure for ARF/RHD consists of painful monthly injections of a type of Penicillin known as Benzathine Penicillin G (BPG). Otherwise known as secondary prophylaxis (SP), the purpose of these injections is to prevent GAS infections that can trigger recurrence of ARF and either lead to or worsen RHD. The adherence to SP remains challenging across many settings and it is recognised that a new Penicillin that is more appropriate is needed. To support the drug design efforts and development of a new BPG formulation, this work sought to explore BPG SP for Rheumatic Fever in the Solomon Islands by engaging with health professionals, researchers and community leaders and sourcing local information. Access and other issues connected with BPG SP for those having received a previous diagnosis of ARF were identified. Information concerning these challenges are relevant for drug design efforts and SP schedules for ARF/RHD prevention.
Published Version
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