The usege of rigid fixation of dental splints in the treatment of patients with fractures of the lower jaw

Abstract

The aim of our research was to study the effectiveness of rigid fixation in mandibular fractures. For this purpose, a study of 200 inpatients of the maxillofacial department was conducted. The study included 64 patients with jaw fractures who passed the criteria for inclusion in the study and the formation of the main group and the comparison group. The research methods were: assessment of the hygienic state of the oral cavity, clinical and radiological examination, electromyographic examination. The results of the study were evaluated at 3, 14, 22 days and after 3 months. After 3 months from the moment of hospitalization in all patients of the main group, a newly formed callus, complete bone radiological consolidation of fragments is clearly visible. In patients of the comparison group, a newly formed callus was clearly visible in the fracture gap. In 7 patients, complete bone radiological consolidation of fragments occurred. According to the results of electromyography, we found that in patients of the main group, whose treatment consisted in the imposition of rigid fixation of dental splints, a more complete recovery of the bioelectric activity of the masticatory muscles proper – 3 months after the injury, the comparison group – 380±10 μV, the main group – 510±10 µV. Conclusions: The use of rigid fixation in the treatment of mandibular fractures significantly reduces the duration of treatment in patients by 8 days of treatment compared with the traditional method.