Abstract
It is increasingly recognised that non-linear properties of crystal lattices may be modified drastically by the presence of structural and electronic defects. Phonon echoes, because they arise directly through the presence of non-linear interactions between strain and electric field, can provide valuable additional information for the characterisation of such defects. In this paper, we describe results obtained on two systems of interest, irradiation defects in quartz and shallow traps in bismuth germanate, and discuss possible mechanisms for the effects we observed. All the experiments were carried out at a temperature of 1.5 K. Echoes were excited by a sequence of two or three sub-microsecond pulses at a microwave frequency of 9.3 GHz and at power levels up to 1 kW, in a single cavity. Only parametric, backward-wave (two-pulse) echoes were observed from the irradiated quartz, but in Bi12GeO20 the echoes were all of the storage type.
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