Abstract
Measurements for determining the effect of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) on the efficiency of pollutant removal from wastewater were carried out using conventional inorganic coagulants PIX113 with polymer A110 (Kemipol, Police, Poland) and unconventional cationic organic coagulants Cofloc (Attana, Coalville, UK) C29510 (Kemipol, Police, Poland) and Sedifloc 575 (3F Chimica, Sandrigo, Italy). The average removal efficiency in the 2-h sedimentation process was 46%, 34%, 8%, 12% for the total suspended solids, organic matter (COD), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, respectively. The use of organic coagulants contributed to 14–81% increase of pollutant removal efficiency. Substantial discrepancies in biological nutrient removal processes were not discovered in two-phase (anaerobic-anoxic) experiments without and with the addition of the organic coagulants. The increase in organic matter removal efficiency as a result of the CEPT process may contribute to a 65–80% increase in biogas production. The conducted research confirms the possibility of using organic coagulants in the primary precipitation process in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in accordance with the principles of maximum energy recovery, thereby promoting renewable energy sources. Additionally, organic coagulants, as opposed to inorganic ones, do not cause a significant increase of chloride and sulfate ion concentrations, which facilitates the use of treated wastewater in the water reuse systems, such as irrigation of agricultural crops.
Highlights
The current paradigm regarding wastewater treatment plants requires stringent quality standards for treated wastewater, and maximum energy recovery from wastewater, promoting renewable energy sources
The concentrations of pollutants in all raw wastewater samples for the three tested wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were within the ranges of variability determined during routine tests in these facilities (Table 1)
They were within the range of “typical” values of raw wastewater quality parameters in Polish WWTPs given by Dymaczewski et al [24]
Summary
The current paradigm regarding wastewater treatment plants requires stringent quality standards for treated wastewater, and maximum energy recovery from wastewater, promoting renewable energy sources. Studies carried out by Pagilla et al [3] in four municipal wastewater treatment plants in northern Poland showed that organic compounds (in the colloidal and particulate fraction) can even constitute over 60% of tCOD. In order to increase the removal of organic compounds from wastewater in the particulate and colloidal fraction, chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) is practiced [4,5,6,7,8]. For this purpose, inorganic coagulants are most often used, i.e., metal salts
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