Abstract
Production cost reduction and constraints on natural resources cause the use of waste materials as substitutes of traditional raw materials to become increasingly important. The dynamic development of sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants leads to increases in the produced sewage sludge. According to the Waste Law, municipal sewage sludge can be used if it is properly stabilized. This process results in significant quantities of fly ash that must be utilized. This paper presents investigation results of partial cement replacement influence by the fly ash from sewage sludge on concrete parameters. The results confirm the possibility of fly ash waste applications as a cement substitute in concrete manufacturing. In the later parts of the publication, a pilot study was conducted using the modal analysis methodology and aimed at checking the hypothesis of whether vibration methods can be used in the assessment of the amount of the admixture used in concrete and the effect it has on concrete properties. This is the first time that vibration tests have been used to determine the diversity of the concrete mix composition and to distinguish the percentage of ash added. There are no studies using modal analysis to distinguish the composition of a concrete mix in the scientific literature. The article shows that the vibration test results show the differentiation of concrete composition and can be further improved as a method for determining the composition of mixtures and for distinguishing their mechanical properties. These are only pilot studies, which, in order to develop the target cognitive inference, should be performed in the future on a significantly enlarged number of the studied samples.
Highlights
Concrete, sometimes referred to as the stone of the present day, is by far the most widely used composite material among man-made materials, second only to water in the entire complex of used materials and without which modern construction would not function
During the modal test experiment, four cubes were tested (Figure 13)
The experimental studies conducted in this research showed that it is possible to use fly ash from sewage sludge to produce concrete as a partial replacement for cement
Summary
Sometimes referred to as the stone of the present day, is by far the most widely used composite material among man-made materials, second only to water in the entire complex of used materials and without which modern construction would not function. It is an ecological composite that is often made of local raw materials—aggregate (as a filler), cement (as a binder), water, admixtures, and possibly mineral additives. One of the most important issues in the development of the construction sector is the continued efforts to make concrete an ecological, even more environmentally friendly material for the environment. The big problem is still the fact that during the production of 1 ton of cement, 0.5 to 1 ton of greenhouse gases are produced, which, according to various data, constitutes 6–8%
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