The use of low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening

Abstract

Around the globe, lung cancer is among the most prevalent cancers, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality. Compared to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers combined, lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality. Higher survival rates are achieved with an early lung cancer diagnosis. The aggressiveness and heterogeneity of lung cancer have impeded endeavours to use screening to lower mortality from the disease. Due to studies showing that low-dose computed tomography may identify many tumors in their early stages, the development of low-dose computed tomography has significantly changed the landscape of lung cancer screening. Long-term research studies have demonstrated that low-dose computed tomography for the secondary prevention of lung cancer considerably lowers lung cancer mortality in high-risk populations. Screening with low-dose computed tomography reduces the mortality associated with it by 20-30%. Low-dose computed tomography is a fast and simple chest exam that does not involve the use of a contrast agent. Based on the current recommendations, eligible individuals with a history of heavy smoking will benefit from yearly low-dose computed tomography, but because of the risks involved, such as false-positive results, radiation exposure, and overdiagnosis, joint decision-making consultation is necessary. The purpose of this research is to review the use of low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening.