The use of different stingless bee species to pollinate cherry tomatoes under protected cultivation

Maira Coelho De Moura-Moraes,Wilson Frantine-Silva,Lucio Antonio De Oliveira Campos,Maria Cristina Gaglianone

doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v68i1.5227

Maira Coelho De Moura-Moraes, Wilson Frantine-Silva + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v68i1.5227

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Abstract

Under standard greenhouse conditions, the tomato fruits of spontaneous self-pollination are expected to be of lower quality than those of bee pollination, as well as that simultaneously use different bee species which can complement pollination services. To test these hypotheses, we evaluated the complementarity of pollination services from the use of three native stingless bee species that have distinct foraging behaviors, Melipona bicolor Lepeletier 1836, Nannotrigona testaceicornis (Lepeletier 1836) and Partamona helleri (Friese 1900) during flowering of cherry tomatoes in greenhouses. Fruit quality parameters resulted from pollination experiments were measured and the acclimatization of the analyzed bee species was evaluated. Visits of M. bicolor and N. testaceicornis to the tomato flowers contributed significantly to the increase in the average weight, seed number, and thickness of the pericarp (only for N. testaceicornis) of the fruits, compared to the spontaneous self-pollination treatment. Partamona helleri, however, did not show any pollen collection behavior in the experimental conditions. Although N. testaceicornis do not perform the buzzing behavior, fruits from its pollination were equivalent to those fruits from pollination by M. bicolor. The simultaneous use of bee species with different flower-visiting behaviors can optimize tomato pollination in greenhouses, contributing significantly to the quality of the fruits and the increase of productivity and consequently the commercial value.

Highlights

Between 15,000 and 20,000 plant species, including agricultural species, have flowers with poricidal dehiscence anthers (e.g. De Luca & Vallejo-Marín, 2013) and foraging insects usually release the plant pollen through thorax vibration in a behavior known as buzzing (Buchmann, 1983; Thorp, 2000; Portman et al, 2019)
We evaluated the viability of the stingless bees Melipona bicolor, Nannotrigona testaceicornis, and Partamona helleri for pollination of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in greenhouses, as well as their effectiveness in simultaneous use
After opening the entrances of the M. bicolor, N. testaceicornis, and P. helleri nests to access the greenhouse, foragers of the three species displayed the behavior of flying towards sunlight and colliding with the screen, where they remained and died of exhaustion

Summary

Introduction

Between 15,000 and 20,000 plant species, including agricultural species, have flowers with poricidal dehiscence anthers (e.g. De Luca & Vallejo-Marín, 2013) and foraging insects usually release the plant pollen through thorax vibration in a behavior known as buzzing (Buchmann, 1983; Thorp, 2000; Portman et al, 2019). Some bee species “scrape” pollen (Wille, 1963; Thorp, 2000), using their mouthpieces in a “milking” movement to collect pollen from the poricidal flowers (Portman et al, 2019). These behaviors performed by a high diversity of pollinators is a key factor for quality enhancement in crop production (Westerkamp & Gottsberger, 2000), including tomatoes (Depra et al, 2014; Gaglianone et al, 2018).

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