Abstract
In this work, we investigate the temporal evolution of ground deformation affecting the ocean-reclaimed lands of the Shanghai (China) megacity, from 2007 to 2016, by applying the Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) technique known as the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm. For the analysis, we exploited two sets of non-time-overlapped synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, acquired from 2007 to 2010, by the ASAR/ENVISAT (C-band) instrument, and from 2014 to 2016 by the X-band COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) sensors. The long time gap (of about three years) existing between the available C- and X-band datasets made the generation of unique displacement time-series more difficult. Nonetheless, this problem was successfully solved by benefiting from knowledge of time-dependent geotechnical models, which describe the temporal evolution of the expected deformation affecting Shanghai’s ocean-reclaimed platforms. The combined ENVISAT/CSK (vertical) deformation time-series were analyzed to gain insight into the future evolution of displacement signals within the investigated area. As an outcome, we find that ocean-reclaimed lands in Shanghai experienced, between 2007 and 2016, average cumulative (vertical) displacements extending down to 25 centimeters.
Highlights
A feasible measure for resolving issues of land scarcity in highly populated coastal area cities or lowland countries is to reclaim land from the sea
We present the results of the vertical deformation time-series combination, achieved by applying the methodology discussed in Section 3 to two time-gapped C-band ASAR-ENVISAT and
There is no direct evidence that these east–west deformations extend to the reclaimed areas, located southeast of Shanghai, where it is known that the deformations are dominated by soil compaction mechanisms, which are primarily responsible for vertical movements
Summary
A feasible measure for resolving issues of land scarcity in highly populated coastal area cities or lowland countries is to reclaim land from the sea. The Netherlands has been reclaiming land since the sixteenth century, and, nowadays, one-third of their territory lies at heights lower than the mean sea level [1]. The Kansai Airport in Japan, and the New Doha International Airport in Qatar, are all examples of public infrastructure built on reclaimed, or partially reclaimed, lands [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Be seriously affected by settlements, which may cause severe damage to buildings, highways, Remote Sens. Airport runways, harbors, andrunways, underground facilities, resulting in a possible in in thea buildings, highways, airport harbors, and underground facilities, alsodecrease resulting. 2 of new territories were reclaimed from height of sea walls. About km possible decrease in the height of sea walls. In China, about 1600 km of new territories
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