The use of Cauchy-type singular integrals over neighboring intervals to compute induced slip in displaced faults

Abstract

We present expressions to compute the inverse of a Cauchy-type singular integral equation representing the relation between a double-peaked Coulomb stress in a fault or fracture and the resulting slip gradient in two distinct collinear slip patches. In particular we consider a situation where the patches are close enough to account for the influence of the slip gradient in one patch on the slip-induced shear stress in the other patch and vice versa. This situation can occur during depletion-induced or injection-induced fault slip in subsurface reservoirs for, e.g., natural gas production, hydrogen or CO2 storage, or geothermal operations. The theory for a single slip patch is well-developed but the situation is less clear for a configuration with two patches although the monographs of Muskhelishvili (1953) and Weertman (1996) provide earlier results. We show that the general inverse solution for the coupled two-patch problem requires six auxiliary conditions to ensure six physical requirements: boundedness of the slip gradient at the four end points of the slip patches and vanishing of the integrals of the slip gradient over the patches. Mathematically, the presence of two additional conditions, as compared to earlier formulations, corresponds to two undetermined coefficients in the general solution of the governing integral equation. Numerical simulation confirms that at least one of these is always non-zero in the coupled situation. For a coupled double-patch case with a symmetric pre-slip Coulomb stress pattern, the general inverse solution requires three auxiliary conditions. Moreover the conditions for the asymmetric case may be reduced to a set of four again, but these are different from the sets of four obtained earlier by Muskhelishvili (1953) and Weertman (1996). We illustrate the theory with a numerical example in which the evaluation of the Cauchy integrals is performed with a modified version of augmented Gauss–Chebyshev quadrature that relies on analytical inversion.