Abstract

Smart packaging functions can be provided by printing functional labels onto packaging materials using inkjet printing and inks with changeable photoluminescence properties. Carbon nanoparticles are considered a perspective fluorescent component of such inks. Ink compositions based on carbon nanoparticles are developed and adapted for inkjet printing on paper packaging materials for producing smart packaging labels. The influence of technological factors of the printing process on the photoluminescence characteristics of the printed images is investigated. The main investigated factors are the concentration of carbon nanoparticles, the relative area of raster elements of a raster field of a tone image, the absorbance and surface smoothness of paper. The resulting parameters are photoluminescence intensity and color. It is found that in case of changes in surface smoothness and absorbance of paper and concentrations of carbon nanoparticles in the ink compositions, the photoluminescence intensity of a printed image changes while its photoluminescence color remains the same. To obtain the highest contrast of tone inkjet-printed images with carbon nanoparticles on papers with any absorbance, the highest concentration of carbon nanoparticles in the ink composition should be used. However, the highest contrast and the highest own photoluminescence intensity of a tone inkjet-printed image with inks with carbon nanoparticles can be achieved only on papers with the lowest absorbance. The most noticeable difference between photoluminescence intensity of printed images on papers with any absorbance can be obtained with the lower concentration of carbon nanoparticles in the ink composition (10 mg/mL). The optimum concentrations of carbon nanoparticles in the composition are determined: for papers with low absorbance—10 mg/mL, and for papers with medium and high absorbance—25 mg/mL. Analytical dependency is created for photoluminescence intensity of images printed with inkjet printing inks with carbon nanoparticles as a function of the studied technological factors. Some design solutions for photoluminescent labels are suggested.

Highlights

  • Smart packaging is becoming more and more popular as a novel solution for customer safety

  • According to Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) microphotographs, the size of the obtained carbon nanoparticles is in the nanometer range and is about 30 nm

  • There are investigated parameters of the process of inkjet printing with ink compositions containing carbon nanoparticles on photoluminescence characteristics of the obtained printed images

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Summary

Introduction

Smart packaging is becoming more and more popular as a novel solution for customer safety. Smart packaging functions through functional labels on a package surface These elements react to the predetermined changes of a product (chemical agents that occur in a product as a result of its spoilage, defrosting, and refreezing, as discussed in several studies, for instance [2, 6, 7]) by changing their properties, such as optical, mechanical, or electrical, as is mentioned in [8]. Several studies, for example [15, 16], indicate that ZnO nanoparticles can be used as components for ink compositions for manufacturing functional labels via printing techniques. The changes of photoluminescence properties of smart packaging labels can be observed under standard UV lamps for banknote verification at checkout

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