The urgent task of mass construction of «passive houses» in Ukraine

Abstract

An analysis of energy consumption per m2 of housing showed that in the EU countries the average value of energy for heating is about 95 kWh/(m2) per year, while in Ukraine this value is about 200-250 kWh/(m2) per year. The main mechanisms for reducing energy costs for heating residential premises in the EU countries are shown and the dynamics of this decrease to the level of 15 kWh/(m2) per year is disclosed. The role of the «passive house» strategic building standard (nZEB) as a pioneer in reducing residential energy consumption is shown. Data on the number of "passive houses" built around the world, and data on single houses of this type in Ukraine are given. The urgent task need for the use of the "passive house" standard in Ukraine to reduce the consumption of thermal energy for heating housing, as well as harmful emissions into the atmosphere, has been identified. The topic of availability in our country of local constructive and heat-insulating building materials, technologies and engineering systems was discussed. The basic principles of creating a "passive house", its main digital technical characteristics are listed and it is shown that they are suitable for the climatic conditions of Ukraine. Recommendations are given on the use of structural and thermal insulation materials, special windows, air tightness, mechanical ventilation with exhaust air heat recovery and design of buildings without cold bridges. It has been determined that a "passive house" with simple engineering heating (cooling) systems is more sustainability and anti-crisis. The main methods for calculating a "passive house" are analyzed, the need to involve additional 3D modeling programs is determined to obtain more accurate numerical characteristics of the building and the choice of engineering systems. It is emphasized that the creation in Ukraine of entire eco-settlements from such houses will affect the general increase in the awareness of our society, broad awareness of new technologies and, as a result, the breakdown of the inertia of the entire system and the introduction of new, innovative building codes, which will entail the mass construction of "passive houses”, significant savings in energy resources throughout the country, reducing harmful emissions and improving the quality of life of people.