Abstract
In 2003, the United States of America started a reconfiguration process of Iraq’s political-economic structure. After the overthrown of Saddam Hussein, the United Nation Security Council stated that an international coalition should act in Iraq as a Provisional Authority which was led by the USA, whose responsibility was to rebuilding Iraq (Resolution 1483). For 14 months, the USA formally governed and reformed Iraq’s structure, declaring that its objective was to develop a “new Iraq”. The 2005 constitution marked the consolidation of this new political regime, transforming Iraq in a federal and democratic country as aimed by the USA agenda. But how this new framework of statebuilding worked out for Iraq? Despite the effort, almost fifteen years after the USA formal occupation, Iraq remained politically unstable. The maintenance of insurgent groups against international interference, the rise of Islamic State, the resumption of Iraq Kurdistan interest for independence are some examples of today’s political crisis in Iraq. This paper aims to present how USA executed the reformulation of Iraqi political structure since 2003: changing the political regime, prohibiting any Baath affiliation and action in Iraq’s political theater, and articulating the rise of political partiesthat historically opposed Baath’s government.
Highlights
In 2003, the United States of America started a reconfiguration process of Iraq’s political-economic structure
It took less than two months for the United States of America (USA)-led international coalition3 to overthrow Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq
A week later, the United Nation Security Council (UNSC) recognized the USA-British plan for reconstructing Iraq’s political, economic and constitutional basis through Resolution 1483 that determined that USA and Great Britain were part of a coalition provisional authority (CPA) that should rebuild Iraq and “govern” for a short period of time that lasted until July 2004
Summary
It took less than two months for the USA-led international coalition to overthrow Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq. In October 1994, the Iraq Operations Group established a full-time clandestine operations station in Salahuddin — an INC-controlled town — to gradually strengthen their military capabilities as well as their Kurdish allies’, moving away Saddam’s forces from northern Iraq (RITTER, 2005) All these informal plans for a “new Iraq” gained ground in 1998 with the USA-enacted Iraq Liberation Act, explicitly declaring that USA would subsidize the Baath regime opposition, emphasizing that Saddam represented a threat to the international order. In CPA’s view, managing Iraq in peace depended on removing anything related to the old administration, which were openly opposed to the international coalition and opposition parties They prohibited the existence of the Baath Party and organize a system of punishment and judgment for any individual involved with the previous regime, that should be prosecuted by a judicial organization called: Debaathification Commission. This responsibility was progressively distributed to districts and municipal administration, but requiring them to be accountable to the CPA
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