Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present data regarding the nature, extent and consequences of the 'triple helix' of relationships between academe, the government and industry in the life and health related sciences. First, we present what is currently known regarding the nature and extent of relationships that exist between government and academic scientists and industry. Next we provide evidence supporting the benefits of these relationships for individual scientists, their institutions and the advancement of science. Then we discuss the potential risks of these relationships. In the next section we provide a set of guiding principles and management and policy suggestions regarding the disclosure and management of relationships among the various sectors. In the final section of the paper we discuss the potential implications of academic industry relationships for governmental industry relationships.
Published Version
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