The treatment of textile wastewater including chromium(VI) and reactive dye by sulfate-reducing bacterial enrichment

Abstract

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) that could grow on modified Postgate C medium (PC) containing chromium(VI) were isolated from industrial wastewaters and their chromium(VI) reduction capacities were investigated as a function of changes in the initial pH values, chromium, sulfate, NaCl and reactive dye concentrations. The optimum pH value at 50 mg l −1 initial chromium(VI) concentration was determined to be 8. Chromium(VI) reduction by SRB was investigated at 22.7–98.4 mg l −1 initial chromium(VI) concentrations. At the end of the experiments, the mixed cultures of SRB were found to reduce within 2–6 days more than 99% of the initial chromium(VI) levels, which ranged from 22.7 to 74.9 mg l −1. The effects of the initial 0–9.0 g l −1 concentrations of disodium sulfate and 0–6% (w/v) concentrations of NaCI to chromium reduction showed that the lowest concentrations of sulfate and NaCI were the best for chromium reduction in the PC medium including 50 mg l −1 chromium(VI). Chromium(VI) reduction in 50 mg l −1 and 25–100 mg l −1 Remazol Blue, Reactive Black B or Reactive Red RB containing media were also investigated. In the experiments, 25–30% of the initial dye concentrations and 95% of the chromium(VI) was removed from the medium at the end of 72-h and 24-h incubation periods, respectively.