Abstract
The time-resolved hard X-ray diffraction endstation KMC-3 XPP for optical pump/X-ray probe experiments at the electron storage ring BESSY II is dedicated to investigating the structural response of thin film samples and heterostructures after their excitation with ultrashort laser pulses and/or electric field pulses. It enables experiments with access to symmetric and asymmetric Bragg reflections via a four-circle diffractometer and it is possible to keep the sample in high vacuum and vary the sample temperature between ∼15 K and 350 K. The femtosecond laser system permanently installed at the beamline allows for optical excitation of the sample at 1028 nm. A non-linear optical setup enables the sample excitation also at 514 nm and 343 nm. A time-resolution of 17 ps is achieved with the `low-α' operation mode of the storage ring and an electronic variation of the delay between optical pump and hard X-ray probe pulse conveniently accesses picosecond to microsecond timescales. Direct time-resolved detection of the diffracted hard X-ray synchrotron pulses use a gated area pixel detector or a fast point detector in single photon counting mode. The range of experiments that are reliably conducted at the endstation and that detect structural dynamics of samples excited by laser pulses or electric fields arepresented.
Highlights
KMC-3 X-ray pump–probe (XPP) is a hard X-ray synchrotron radiation beamline installed downstream of a dipole bending magnet source
The time-resolved hard X-ray diffraction endstation KMC-3 XPP for optical pump /X-ray probe experiments at the electron storage ring BESSY II is dedicated to investigating the structural response of thin film samples and heterostructures after their excitation with ultrashort laser pulses and/or electric field pulses
The range of experiments that are reliably conducted at the endstation and that detect structural dynamics of samples excited by laser pulses or electric fields are presented
Summary
KMC-3 XPP is a hard X-ray synchrotron radiation beamline installed downstream of a dipole bending magnet source. Heterostructures, or bulk single-crystalline samples are optically or electrically excited and their temporal structural response is investigated using time-resolved X-ray diffraction with the time resolution given by the X-ray pulse duration of the synchrotron BESSY II. Magnetic fields and electric fields as well as photostriction may modify the lattice constant of magnetoelectric materials such as BiFeO3 (Iurchuk et al, 2016) In these experiments the timing of the electrical excitation pulse and the detector is determined electronically, either by single photon counting modules or gated pixel detectors. Hybrid mode Flux (photons sÀ1) Effective flux when selecting the single bunch at a 1.25 MHz repetition rate (gated detector)
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