Abstract

The chapter discusses the theory of polar fluids. The focus is on the foundations of the theory and applications of the theory are also discussed. The foundation of the theory of polar fluids is divided into five subsections. The first is concerned with the kinematics of polar-fluid motions, the second with dynamics and thermodynamics, the third with the formulation of constitutive relations for polar fluids, the fourth with the formulation of boundary value problems, and the fifth with the solutions to typical boundary-value problems. The foundations of the theory are described in terms of contemporary studies on the foundations of continuum mechanics and thermodynamics. The applications of the theory of polar fluids have been, for example, to suspensions, to blood flow, and to mean turbulent flow. The theory is also applied to thin lubricating films and to problems involving surface films. Another area of application of the theory of polar fluids is to real fluids carrying charged particles and subjected to an external electromagnetic field that causes the particles to rotate relative to their neighbors. The chapter presents the related theories of fluid behavior. The chapter concludes by describing the relationship of polar-fluid theory to theories of a similar nature.

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