The theory of change and realistic evaluation applied to the evaluation of a transport intervention: The case of the Nottingham Workplace Parking Levy

Abstract

This paper focuses on the application of evaluation based on a Theory of Change Approach, including elements of Realistic Evaluation to a transport intervention; the UK’s first Workplace Parking Levy (WPL) introduced in 2012 in the City of Nottingham. A WPL places a charge off-street parking provided by employers. The scheme acts as a transport demand management measure with the revenue hypothecated for funding transport improvements. The WPL and the measures that it funds thus form an integrated package aimed at achieving social, economic and environmental benefits. The approach afforded a robust evaluation of the outcomes and impacts of a WPL package of measures. Based on this case study it is able to conclude that this evaluation approach is an appropriate framework for evaluating public sector interventions in general and transport interventions specifically and recommend as to how the methodology may be refined for future transport evaluations.