Abstract

espanolA pesar de la deforestacion y el rapido crecimiento de la poblacion en Esmeraldas (norte de Ecuador), no hay informacion del impacto de estos cambios en los rios de la costa. El Teaone es un rio de orden 5 situado en el norte de Ecuador que nace en las montanas Mache-Chindul y confluye con el rio Esmeradas cerca de su desembocadura. El rio atraviesa un paisaje rural que incluye pastos, plantaciones forestales y algunos remanentes de bosques humedos. En este trabajo, hemos estudiado los indicadores del uso del suelo en la cuenca (porcentaje de usos agricolas y de bosque y la densidad de vias de comunicacion y viviendas), la geomorfologia (composicion del lecho fluvial y la densidad y origen de las acumulaciones de madera), la quimi-ca del agua (pH, turbidez, conductividad, oxigeno y las concentraciones de nitrato, nitrito y ortofosfato) y las diatomeas y macroinvertebrados bentonicos a lo largo del rio. La cuenca del rio Teaone se encuentra muy modificada y los usos agricolas y las plantaciones forestales ocupan mas del 50 % de la superficie de la misma. El lecho del rio esta dominado por sedimentos finos, pero no se ha podido establecer si se trata de un impacto causado por los cambios en los usos del suelo porque en la cuenca coexisten fuentes naturales y antropicas de sedimento fino. Las concentraciones de nitrato son altas en los tributarios, pero las bajas concentraciones en el cauce principal sugieren la presencia de un fuerte sumidero de nitrato. Por el contrario, las concentraciones de fosforo son bajas en los tributarios y elevadas en el cauce principal, lo que sugiere que el lavado de ropa y la higiene personal en el rio pueden ser fuentes importantes de fosfato. Las comunidades de macroinvertebrados y diatomeas responden de una forma similar a los cambios que ocurren en el rio. Ambas comunidades mostraron una relacion mas fuerte con los usos del suelo en la cuenca que con la quimica del agua y el habitat fluvia EnglishDespite deforestation and population growth during the last 30 years in Esmeraldas (Northern Ecuador), there is no information about the impact of these changes on the coastal rivers. The Teaone is a 5th order river located in Northern Ecuador that originates in the Mache-Chindul mountain range and flows into the Esmeraldas River near its mouth. It flows through a rural landscape that includes pastures, forestry plantations, and some remnants of humid forest. In this work, we have studied water-shed land use indicators (percentages of agricultural and forest land in addition to road and housing densities), geomorphology (bed substrate composition and woody debris density and origin), water chemistry (pH, turbidity, conductivity, and oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, and ortho-phosphate concentrations) and benthic diatoms and macroinvertebrates along the river and in its main tributaries. The Teaone watershed has been severely modified and agriculture and forestry plantations occupy more than 50 % of the watershed area. The riverbed is dominated by fine sediment, but we could not establish whether an impact from land use changes had occurred because both natural and anthropogenic sources of fine sediment coexist in the watershed. Nitrate concentrations are high on the tributaries, but low concentrations in the main channel suggest the presence of a strong nitrate sink. On the contrary, phosphate concentrations are low in the tributaries and high in the main channel, which suggest that clothes washing and personal bathing in the river might be important sources of phosphate. The diatoms and macroinvertebrate communities respond in a similar way to environmental changes along the river. Both communities show a stronger relation-ship with watershed land uses than with water chemistry and in-stream habitat

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