Female oviposition preferences and larval behavior of the Aedes aegypti mosquito (Linnaeus, 1762) exposed to predator cues (Odonata: Libellulidae)

Abstract

The reproductive success of mosquitoes is heavily influenced by females' ability to select suitable oviposition sites for the proper development of their offspring. Many of these potential habitats may harbor predators, and the detection of these predators is crucial for assessing the risk of predation, which can, in turn, influence the behavior of the prey. However, there are often trade-offs to consider, which can impact the life history of these organisms. In our study, we investigated the oviposition preferences and larval behavioral responses of the Aedes aegypti mosquito when exposed to cues from predators and the actual presence of predation by Libellulidae (Odonata) larvae. We observed the mosquito's choices regarding oviposition with and without predation cues for a duration of ten weeks, following 48 hours of exposure. Additionally, we measured larval behavior across various treatments, including those with predation cues, predator cues, the presence of larvae, and controls with only water. Our findings revealed that the highest preference for oviposition occurred in containers with high organic matter content, regardless the presence of both predator cues and actual predators. Furthermore, we noted significant changes in larval behavior in response to predation cues, including evasive behaviors. When facing the risk of predation, larvae spent more time near the container's edges and exhibited discrete feeding behaviors or avoidance of the risk of predation. Conversely, in the absence of predation risk, larvae explored the entire container, swimming vigorously. These results highlight the significance of anti-predatory behaviors triggered by the recognition of predation cues in the context of Ae. aegypti's reproductive success.