The System Principle of Compactness as a Defining One in the Formation of Functional and Planning Structure and in the Forming of Power-Saving, Power-Active, Environmentally-Friendly and Hi-Tech Buildings

Abstract

The adaptation of methodological peculiarities of the functioning of general-system principles, acting in comprehensive architectural systems (demoecosystems) to the projects, meeting the energy-saving criterion (power-saving, power-active, environmentally-friendly and hi-tech buildings), allows concretizing with regard to projects under study the system regularities, based on the principles of compactness (least action) and structure invariance. The power-saving and compactness of a space-planning solution are the cornerstone of forming the power-saving, power-active, environmentally-friendly and hi-tech buildings with any number of storeys. The article presents the calculations of the external envelope compactness for one-, two- and three-storeyed buildings of various plan forms, comparable in the floor surface area criterion. Apart from meeting the criterion of external envelope compactness, the architectural and space-planning solution of a building should meet the optimal functional, economical, compositional and ecological criteria. Among the methods of analyzing architectural solutions the special attention in the article is paid to the system method of transit area, noted for its considerable practical exactness and promptness, which allows performing the quality evaluation of designed projects of different levels of complexity. In the design process with the use of BEM-packages and on the basis of BIM-modeling of buildings, which should meet first of all the requirements of energy-efficiency, it is reasonable to substantiate the compactness of the outward shape of buildings by calculating the efficiency criterion of architectural and space-planning solutions of a building, reflecting its functional properties (consumer properties) and based on the system principle of compactness.