Abstract
Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (Cmm) causes bacterial canker disease in tomato and causes significant economic losses. Since there are no commercial tomato cultivars fully resistant against Cmm, alternative approaches need to be applied for plant protection. 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid (INA) and 2,4-dichloro-6-{(E)-[(3-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol (DPMP) are two of the potent synthetic elicitors that induce plant immune responses, and protect plants against several diseases or reduce the severity of such diseases. The objective of this study was, to determine the effects of INA and DPMP application on tolerance to Cmm in tomato for the first time at disease incidence and molecular levels. 100 μM INA and 10 μM DPMP were applied to plants two days before Cmm inoculation. Disease severity, lesion lengths, and impact of Cmm on plant growth were determined. Relative expression of some marker defense genes was determined. According to the results, INA and DPMP applied plants had 42% and 30% reduced lesion lengths. Gene expression analyses indicated that while both synthetic elicitors reduced the disease severity of the Cmm, INA and DPMP induced molecular defense mechanisms differently. While both are related to the Salicylic acid defense pathway, INA induced gene expressions of PR-5, WRKY33b, PAL, and WRKY70, however, DPMP induced PR-1 and WRKY70. Taken together, our results indicated that both INA and DPMP reduced the severity of the disease with different mode-of-action and DPMP has reduced the severity of disease at a much lower concentration compared to INA.
Published Version
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