The synthesis and properties of low sensitivity and heat resistant guanidine salts

Abstract

This paper uses a simple method to synthesis four guanidine salts of nitrophenols and tetrazoles with low sensitivity (friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity) and high decomposition temperature. The crystal structures were tested by an X-ray single crystal diffractometer. Thermal decomposition behaviors were examined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), revealing decomposition temperatures of 295.04 °C, 332.57 °C, 252.51 °C, and 301.17 °C, all exceeding 250.00 °C. The detonation velocities and pressures were calculated using Explo5 based on the experimentally measured combustion heat. The detonation velocities for the four guanidine salts followed the order 4 (7667 m s−1)＞ 2 (6909 m s−1)＞ 3 (6722 m s−1)＞ 1 (6560 m s−1), and the explosion pressures were ranked as 4 (19.13 GPa)＞ 2 (17.72 GPa)＞ 1 (14.96 GPa)＞ 3 (12.43 GPa). The combustion heats were measured using oxygen bomb calorimetry and were found to be 2 (11.85 kJ g⁻1) > 3 (11.66 kJ g⁻1) > 4 (11.31 kJ g⁻1) > 1 (10.57 kJ g⁻1). The impact sensitivity was greater than 100 J, and the friction sensitivity was greater than 360 N. Given these advantages, it is anticipated that these compounds could have applications in propellants and gas generators.