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Abstract
The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is the most common method for the determination of cell toxicity, but some factors limit the sensitivity of this method, such as pH. Less attention had been paid to the interference effect of optical and plasmonic properties of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in the wavelength range assigned to MTT. This study investigated the synergistic interference effect of SiO2 NPs and wavelength on MTT assay for the first time. The examined variables included the type of SiO2 NPs concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mM) and different wavelengths (470, 490, 520, and 570 nm). The results showed that optical density (OD) increased (p < 0.05) when wavelength and the concentration of crystalline SiO2 NPs increased. So, the maximum OD at 10 and 100 mM were attributed to crystalline SiO2 NPs (p < 0.05) due to the functional group, whereas it was related to amorphous at 1 mM (p > 0.05). According to polynomial regression modeling (PRM), the maximum interference effect was predicted at crystalline SiO2 NPs and wavelength > 550 nm. Besides, the synergistic effects of SiO2 NPs, wavelength, and concentration of NPs had been a good fitting with first-order PRM. Thus, the concentration of SiO2 NPs had a confounder factor in colorimetric for MTT assay. The best artificial neural network (ANN) structure was related to the 3:7:1 network (Rall = 0.936, MSE = 0.0006, MAPE = 0.063). The correlation between the actual and predicted data was 0.88. As SiO2 NPs presence is an interfering factor in MTT assay concerning wavelength, it is suggested wavelength use with minimum confounding effect for MTT assay.
Highlights
The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is the most common method for the determination of cell toxicity, but some factors limit the sensitivity of this method, such as pH
It is widely used to determine the toxicity effects of various drugs and nanoparticles in industry and medicine. This method is based on the colorimetric assay, that tetrazolium salt is reduced to formazan by donor electron
Crystallization increased with increasing calcination temperature up to 1000 °C because amorphous SiO2 NPs were formed at low temperatures (70–150 °C)[34]
Summary
The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is the most common method for the determination of cell toxicity, but some factors limit the sensitivity of this method, such as pH. It is widely used to determine the toxicity effects of various drugs and nanoparticles in industry and medicine This method is based on the colorimetric assay, that tetrazolium salt is reduced to formazan by donor electron. There has been less attention paid to the interference effects of SiO2 NPs on MTT qualitatively and quantitatively because they have been introduced as a surface reactiveness agent that can produce radicals such as OH0 It can involve in redox reaction and amplify the tetrazolium r eduction[18,19]. It is expected that the co-presence of silica and formazan can disrupt the actual results of MTT because MTT is evaluated in the same wavelength range These interference effects have been less studied, and the relationships between them properly have not been defined. This study aimed to investigate the interference effect of SiO2 NPs, their concentrations on MTT assay, and its modeling using regression and ANN model
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