Abstract
Aims: This study endeavors to estimate the synergistic effect of aqueous extracts of propolis on microhardness power of fluoridated CPP-ACP (MI plus) paste after demineralization challenge. Materials and methods: A total of (75) posterior wisdom teeth were used in the study. Enamel blocks were prepared and divided into five groups randomly, the teeth in all groups were subjected to demineralization cycle and then treated with: Sinjar's aqueous extract of propolis (AEP) -MI paste plus cream n. (15), Sulaymaniah's AEP-MI paste plus cream n. (15), Duhok's AEP-MI paste plus cream group n. (15), control positive group of MI paste plus alone n. (15), and control negative group of artificial saliva alone n. (15). Microhardness of enamel blocks was measured using Vickers microhardness tester machine at base line, after demineralization cycle and finally after treatment protocol. Results: Statistically, there were highly significant differences among study groups after demineralization cycle and there was a decrease in surface microhardness in all groups after demineralization, but the least reduction in surface microhardness belonged to mixture of Sulaymaniah's aqueous extract of propolis with MI paste plus followed by MI paste plus alone group after treatment protocol. Conclusions: Mixture of Sulaymaniah's aqueous extract of propolis with MI paste plus was significantly better than MI past plus alone in preserving enamel's hardness and resisting the demineralization challenge.
Highlights
Demineralization of enamel leads to the appearance of white spot lesions, it leads to the dissolution of apatite crystals and the net loss of calcium, phosphate, and other ions from the tooth
CPP–ACP is made by the complication of casein phosphopeptide (CPP) with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) through a phosphorylated peptide chain [2]
It has been stated that adding fluoride to CPP-ACP could give a synergistic effect on enamel remineralization [5]
Summary
Demineralization of enamel leads to the appearance of white spot lesions, it leads to the dissolution of apatite crystals and the net loss of calcium, phosphate, and other ions from the tooth. The objective of contemporary dentistry is to manage non-cavitated caries lesions non-invasively through remineralization in an attempt to inhibit the progression of dental disease [1]. Fluoridated casein phosphopeptide - amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACPF) (MI Paste Plus) is one of the frequently used remineralization materials [1]. CPP–ACP is made by the complication of casein phosphopeptide (CPP) with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) through a phosphorylated peptide chain [2]. Numerous studies have stated the effectiveness of the CPP-ACP technology in preventing demineralization and enhancing remineralization of enamel and dentin [3]. It has been stated that adding fluoride to CPP-ACP could give a synergistic effect on enamel remineralization [5]. The combination of CPPACP with fluoride led to localization of calcium and phosphate ions with fluoride ions at the enamel surface [6]
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