Abstract
Yogyakarta city has a problem of water resources management along with the rapid development in this region. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) can be an alternative choice in urban water resources management. This study aims to determine the best RWH scenario as a sustainable water supply to meet domestic water demand in Yogyakarta City. The method used is the Sustainability Index with 3 parameters including reliability, resilience and vulnerability. Each parameter is a derivative of a water balance simulation of the RWH system using the data range in the period 2006–2015. This study compares the percentage of roof usage in the RWH system and the level of domestic water demand. The results of this study indicate that the RWH scenario by utilizing 50 %–75 % of the roof area can be ideally meet up to 80 % of domestic water needs in Yogyakarta City. RWH scenario with 100 % roof usage can meet all domestic water needs well. This study shows that the RWH system can have a positive impact on the management and sustainability of water resources in Yogyakarta City.
Highlights
Rapid development in urban areas in Indonesia causes complex problems in spatial land use
The average daily rainfall in Yogyakarta City ranges from 10–17 mm, meaning the potential of rain that can be collected by the roof area of 1 m2 every time the rain reaches 8–136 L
The use of all parts of the roof is very reliable to serve all domestic water demand in Yogyakarta City, but the resilience of the Rainwater harvesting (RWH) system has a wide range of values
Summary
Rapid development in urban areas in Indonesia causes complex problems in spatial land use. Land use for settlements and urban infrastructure development is contrary to the provision of land for food and clean water management [1]. Due to the increasingly high population pressure, land in urban areas has changed into a built-in land that is impermeable. This condition causes an increased risk of flooding and reduced groundwater supply at the local level. A large population in urban areas has consequences for high water demand. The imbalance between water supply and demand in urban areas is an important issue, especially in the context of sustainable development
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