Abstract
Additive manufacturing provides a novel and robust way to prepare medical product with anatomic matched geometry and tailored mechanical performance. In this study, the surface characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) prepared polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) were systematically studied. During the FDM process, the crystal unit cell and thermal attribute of PEEK material remained unchanged, whereas the surface layer generally became more hydrophilic with an obvious reduction in surface hardness. Raster angle has a significant effect on the mechanical strength but not on the failure mechanism. In practice, FDM fabricated PEEK acted more like a laminate rather than a unified structure. Its main failure mechanism was correlated to the internal voids. The results show that horizontal infill orientation with 30° raster angle is promising for a better comprehensive mechanical performance, and the corresponding tensile, flexural, and shear strengths are (76.5 ± 1.4) MPa, (149.7 ± 3.0) MPa, and (55.5 ± 1.8) MPa, respectively. The findings of this study provide guidelines for FDM-PEEK to enable its realization in applications such as orthopedic implants.
Highlights
Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a potential biomaterial that could replace traditional metal or ceramic parts for biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and desirable mechanical properties [1,2,3,4,5]
Wu et al showed that the chamber temperature has more influence on the warping deformation of FDMPEEK samples than that the nozzle temperature does, and the warping deformation of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-PEEK samples reduces with increasing chamber temperature, whereas it has the tendency of a parabola going upwards with increasing nozzle temperature [15]
According to the mechanical results, it can be concluded that the raster angle does not affect the f4a.ilCuorencbleuhsaiovniosr of the FDM fabricated PEEK sample, but only affects the mtsitoreencnhagantnhdi.ctaIhnledpderoietrpdeeer,cmrtthitoiIeeonnsfmotamhefticiteschhxrpaetoenam-rpisnctaearacrullr,pcofaotrsuorstcrypreeuse,tchresttaumuiesrrsafaaatoliscclfieegFevcnDvehialfiMa.lcruTaafahcantetbiteorcirnimoicsnaoptstifaecisFscdt,tDePaonMnEncdEytpKhmbreeisentutwcitlhletlediaedmnnPeiapcEtthaeeElenKmpdinrepooficanphlrleatmdsrntiaiwriceneasacyl,sincoonrdduecr other factors, svuecshtiagsattehethfielapmoetennttqiaulaeliftfye,cntsozozf lreadstiearmaentegrl,epornintthinegmspacereod,apnrdinmtinicgrolasyterur ctural le thickness, prinPtiEnEgKte.mThpeerraetsuurlets, isnhfiolwl rtahtiaot,tehtec.F[D17M,2p0,r4o0c,e4s2s].does not cause alteration in the microture and thermal properties of PEEK material, but does change the bulk crystal which can only reach about 70% of the injection molded PEEK 450G
Summary
Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a potential biomaterial that could replace traditional metal or ceramic parts for biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and desirable mechanical properties [1,2,3,4,5]. Wu et al studied the influence of layer thickness (200, 300, and 400 μm) and raster angle (0◦, 30◦, and 45◦) on the mechanical properties (tensile, compressive, and bending strengths) of FDM printed PEEK [22]. The results expressed that the optimal mechanical properties of PEEK were found in samples with a 300 μm layer-up thickness and a raster angle of 0◦/90◦ while only focusing on the tensile strength and bending strength, which is not sufficient to evaluate the comprehensive performance of PEEK All of these studies have significantly contributed to understanding the effects of temperature on the design, control, and realization of FDM printing PEEK, some of which even investigated the printing parameters on the mechanical performance of PEEK printed parts. 450pGaartsstwheerFeDsMelepctreindteads aPcEoEmKp. arison using the same PEEK 450G as the FDM printed PEEK
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