Abstract
Supersymmetric extensions of the standard model lead us to expect superpartners for all particles, spin-0 squarks and sleptons and spin-½ gluinos, charginos, and neutralinos, with an odd R-parity making the lightest one stable. The electroweak breaking is induced by a pair of spin-0 doublets, leading to several charged and neutral BE-Higgs bosons. These theories also lead to gauge/Higgs unification by providing spin-0 bosons as extra states for spin-1 gauge bosons within massive gauge multiplets. In particular, the 125 GeV/c2 boson recently observed at CERN, most likely a BE-Higgs boson associated with the electroweak breaking, may also be interpreted, up to a mixing angle induced by supersymmetry breaking, as the spin-0 partner of the Z under two supersymmetry transformations. We also discuss how the compactification of extra dimensions, relying on R-parity and other discrete symmetries, may determine both the grand-unification and the supersymmetry-breaking scales.
Highlights
Is there a “superworld” of new particles? Could half of the particles at least have escaped our observations? Do new states of matter exist? After the prediction of antimatter by Dirac, supersymmetric extensions of the standard model lead to anticipate the possible existence, next to quarks and leptons, of associated spin-0 squarks and sleptons, with the gluons, W ±, Z, and photon associated with new superpartners, gluinos, charginos and neutralinos [1,2,3,4,5]
Both doublets h1 and h2 used for the electroweak breaking having R = 0, this continuous R-symmetry survives this breaking, leading to an additive quantum number R differing by ±1 unit between bosons and fermions within multiplets of supersymmetry, gauge and BE-Higgs bosons having R = 0, and their superpartners, known as gauginos and higgsinos, R = ±1
Our first aims were to understand how supersymmetry may allow for a description of fundamental particles and interactions, and discuss resulting implications
Summary
After the prediction of antimatter by Dirac, supersymmetric extensions of the standard model lead to anticipate the possible existence, next to quarks and leptons, of associated spin-0 squarks and sleptons, with the gluons, W ±, Z , and photon associated with new superpartners, gluinos, charginos and neutralinos [1,2,3,4,5] These new states are characterized by a quantum number called R-parity related to baryon and lepton numbers, obtained from a discrete remnant of a continuous U (1)R symmetry acting chirally on the supersymmetry generator, broken to R-parity by the gravitino and gluino masses [6,7]. Supersymmetry first seemed irrelevant to the description of the real world, and many physicists kept this point of view for quite some time
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