Abstract
One of the current directions of the Sm-Nd isotope systematics development is a dating of the ore process using sulfide minerals. Yet, the issue of the existence of rare earth elements (REE) in sulfides is still a matter for discussion. Sulfides from ore-bearing rocks of Proterozoic (2.53–1.98 Ga) Cu-Ni and platinum group elements (PGE) deposits of the Fennoscandian Shield were studied. It is found that the most probable source of REE in sulfide minerals from Cu-Ni-PGE complexes could be submicronic fluid inclusions, which are trapped at the mineral crystallization stage. In such a case, fluid or melt inclusions are specimens of the syngenetic parental melt, from which the base mineral formed, and these reflect a composition of the parental fluid. The mineral–rock partition coefficients for Nd and Sm can be used as “fingerprints” for individual deposits, and these are isotope-geochemical indicators of the ore-caused fluid that is syngenetic to sulfide. Moreover, the DNd/DSm ratio for various sulfide minerals can be used as a prospective geochemical tool for reconstructing a mineral formation sequence in ore complexes. On the other hand, differences in isotope compositions of sulfide neodymium could be markers of some ore-caused fluids and related to certain generations of sulfide minerals.
Highlights
The samarium–neodymium system is one of the most demanded and informative isotope-geochronological tools for studying geological objects
One of the prospective areas is a dating of an ore process by the Sm-Nd method using sulfide minerals
Ni sulfides with Pt, Pd, and Au, as well as Pt and Pd sulfides, bismuth–tellurides, and arsenides; Norite Zone (50–200 m) with cumulus interlayers of harzburgite and plagioclasebearing pyroxenite that includes an intergranular injection Cu-Ni-platinum group elements (PGE) mineralization in the lower part
Summary
The samarium–neodymium system is one of the most demanded and informative isotope-geochronological tools for studying geological objects. A substantial part of literary data point to a possible direct use of sulfide minerals for studying geological objects with a prevailing fluid–hydrothermal impact on concentration processes of ore-caused components [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. In such a case, sulfide inherits parameters of the ore-bearing fluid, and it is syngenetic to this fluid. Aside from that, the DNd /DSm ratio for various sulfide minerals can be used as a prospective geochemical tool for reconstructing a sequence of mineral formation in ore complexes
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