THE SUBJECT AND THE OBJECT OF CONSCIOUSNESS: NEW APPROACHES TO THE OLD PROBLEM

Abstract

The article deals with the classical philosophical problem of the relationship between the subject and the object of consciousness. The author clarifies the basic concepts of this topic, such as “consciousness”, “external reality”, “subject of consciousness”, “object of consciousness”. Two key approaches to the problem of subject and object are compared: realism and subjective idealism. The author shows that the contradiction between the thesis “There is no object without a subject”, which prohibits any judgments about reality outside the subject, and the principle of causality, requiring the recognition of the existence of external reality, is of decisive importance for the discussion between realism and subjective idealism.