THE STUDY OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT LINES IN THE COMPETITIVE VARIETY-TESTING ON ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS

Abstract

Winter wheat is the most important food crop, which occupies a significant share in the structure of the grain wedge of this country. The southern region of theRussian Federation, including theRostovregion, is the most favorable area for obtaining great harvests of winter wheat. Thus, the creation of stable highly productive varieties of winter soft wheat with resistance to stress factors of the environment is of primary concern. The research work was carried out at the experimental plots of the laboratory of breeding and seed-growing of winter soft wheat of intensive type ofFSBSIAgriculturalResearchCenter‘Donskoyʼ in 2016–2017. The winter soft wheat variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard variety. The article presents the study results of winter soft wheat lines in competitive variety testing based on the main economic-valuable traits. There have been chosen a number of lines-sources to use them in breeding programs to increase the values of individual parameters. The lines 1504/16 and 1942/16 (90.0 cm), 2049/16 (88.0 cm), 2057/16 (83.0 cm) were identified with the least values of the trait ‘plant height’. Practically all selection lines in the experiment had high resistance to lodging (from 4.0 to 5.0 points). According to the date of an earing (heading) phase the majority of the studied lines corresponded to the group of average-early varieties. The lines 1202/16, 1341/16, 1466/16, 1766/16, 1800/16, 1862/16 have been identified according to 1000-kernel weight (more than50 g). The lines 1533/16, 2141/16, 1850/16, 1852/16, 2148/16 have been found the most productive with a significant increase to the standard variety ‘Ermak’ (from 1.7 t/ha to 2.1 t/ha). These breeding lines are taken for further study and use in hybridization as an initial material.