Abstract
It is possible that running training for many years in athletics affects athletes' running patterns and sole structure. The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of maximal force applied to the floor area and contact area of the athletes with related to mid-distance training for athletics. 18 male athletes who represent Turkey on the International area and another 25 male volunteers who form the control group from the participants of the study. The sole pressure measurement of the participants was performed through the use of EMED-SF (Novel H, Munich, Germany) plantar pressure analysis system (pedobarographic analysis). In the study, significant differences were found in heel medial, heel lateral, foot middle, 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatars heads and left foot 3rd, 4th, 5th finger in the contact area values of the right and left foot averages. Besides, significant differences were found in heel medial, middle part of feet, 2nd and 3rd metatars heads and 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th fingers in maximal force values. Athletes have pressed on sole of the feet more as a result of long-term training and as a consequence this pressure caused a change of the soles contact area and maximal strength. Also it can be said that they have used forefront part of soles more actively during running and walking.
 
 Keywords: runner foot sole, contact area, middle distance, pedobarographic.
Highlights
Athleticism, which is in the Centre of Olympics and consists of the most basic natural movements of human beings such as running, walking, jumping and throwing, is the head of basic sports (Yapici & Ersoy, 2003)
The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of athletics on the contact area of the soles and maximal strength
11 sole contact areas of the middle distance runners and their maximal strength were examined and they were compared with control group that is consisted of healthy individuals.The variation among age, height and body weight and body mass index of the middle distance runners participated in the study was found to be statistically significant
Summary
Athleticism, which is in the Centre of Olympics and consists of the most basic natural movements of human beings such as running, walking, jumping and throwing, is the head of basic sports (Yapici & Ersoy, 2003). In addition to being considered technically a sprint, middle distance running is based on the combination of speed and endurance along with a good strategy and it takes place in the main race of the Olympic Games and athletics championships (Wikipedia, 2015). After the initial contact, which is the first phase of stance phase, mid-stance phase follows In this duration till the heel gets off the ground, weightlifting in overlyforward lean is performed as rolling. The last phase is the swing phase which starts from the lifting of the heel and continues till the toes are cut off the contact with the ground (Inal, 2004). Overuse injuries are common in the continuation of exercise, in sport activities and especially among runners. To prevent injury and provide treatment, orthosis and prescribed footwear are common beliefs (Razeghi & Batt, 2000)
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