THE STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF THE RAW MATERIAL OF THE HERB TANACETUM VULGARE, OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT METHODS OF HYDRODISTILLATION

Abstract

Abstract. The study of medicinal plant materials has always been relevant and necessary, since herbal preparations take care of the human body, have a complex effect and, if it used correctly, do not have side effects. The study of medicinal plant raw materials of Tanacetum vulgare herb is relevant, because. this is a fairly common plant in Russia, but there is insufficient research. The aim of this research was to study the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by two different methods of hydrodistillation, as well as to conduct a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of these samples, to determine marker compounds and carry out standardisation. The essential oil was obtained from the dried herb of Tanacetum vulgare. The first and second methods of the hydrodistillation were used – the Ginsberg method and the Clevenger method. The method of chromato-mass spectrometry, as well as the method of thin layer chromatography was used to identify the component composition of the essential oil. It was found that in the essential oil, which was subjected to prolonged exposure to temperature (Ginsberg's method), there were mainly oxidised, acetylated forms, as well as aromatic structures. In the essential oil, where the effect of temperature was minimised (the Clevenger method), there were more reduced forms, OH-groups and unsaturated compounds. It was concluded that the Clevenger method is more advantageous for obtaining essential oil of Tanacetum vulgare, since the essential oil in this case was subjected to minimal heating, and hence oxidation. Marker substances of the essential oil of herb of Tanacetum vulgare were isolated, such as camphor (15,8%), 2-pinene-10-ol (7,4%), limonene (1,5%), borneol (6,6%), 4-terpineol (3,14%), thujone (0,02%), etc. The absolute content of camphor in essential oil is 1.19±0.05.