The study of the aerodynamic performance of a train using a physical simulation method

Abstract

The paper analyzes the topicality of the research topic, identifies goals, objectives, subject and object of research. The analysis of known studies related to the study of the characteristics of the formation of the air resistance force during the movement of such vehicles as long-haul trains is given. Based on the analysis of the state of knowledge of the issue about the factors influencing the geometric parameters of road trains on aerodynamic drag, the relevance of the study is substantiated, their goal and objectives are formulated. As a result of the analysis of the methods and means of known studies, it was determined that the use of the method of physical modeling would be the most appropriate from the point of view of cost and complexity. An experimental setup has been created, which consists of a fan, an air flow rectifier and a scale model of an articulated train mounted on a special frame, as well as a device for measuring the air resistance force. Analytical studies have shown that the presence of gaps between the elements of the train (semi-trailer and trailer, tractor and trailer) significantly affects the amount of air resistance force, and, consequently, the energy consumption to overcome it. It is shown that the existing methods for calculating the magnitude of the force of air resistance do not take into account these features. The results of experimental studies have confirmed the need to eliminate these gaps. The measures to reduce the force of air resistance of road trains are proposed.