The Study of Steaming Durations and Temperatures on the Chemical Characterization, Neuroprotective, and Antioxidant Activities of Panax notoginseng.

Didi Ma,Yi Lu,Guo Yin,Lijun Wang,Tiejie Wang,Kaishun Bi,Yibao Jin,Jue Wang,Yang Huang,Hicham Harhar

doi:10.1155/2022/3698518

Abstract

Panax notoginseng (PN) is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines and has extensive pharmacological effects. Recent studies demonstrated that PN exhibited pharmacological effect related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether steaming process can boost its anti-AD activity is still unexplored. To fill this gap, effects of steaming durations and temperatures on the chemical characterization, neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of PN were systematically investigated in this study. HPLC fingerprint coupled with quantitative analysis demonstrated striking conversion of original saponins to less polar ones with the increase in the steaming time and temperature. In the viewpoint of anti-AD activity on neuroprotective and antioxidant effects, several steamed PN samples (110°C-6/8/10 h, 120°C ‐4/6 h samples) displayed a significant increase both in cell viability and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) values compared with the no steamed one (P < 0.01 or P < 0.005). Steaming temperature had the greater impact on the change of chemical composition and anti-AD activity of PN. Moreover, the spectrum-effect relationship analysis revealed that the transformed saponins were partially responsible for the increased neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of steamed PN. Therefore, steamed PN could be used as a potential crude drug for prevention and treatment of AD.

Highlights

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of age-related dementia and a devastating neurodegenerative disorder worldwide [1]
To verify the applicability of quantitative analysis of selected components, the method was evaluated based on linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, repeatability, and stability assay. e linearity of quantitative analysis was performed by determining a series of mixed standard solutions with varying concentrations. e calibration curve of each analyte was constructed by plotting the peak areas (y) against the concentrations (x, mg/mL)
Typical HPLC chromatograms of raw and steamed Panax notoginseng (PN) are shown in Figures 1(a) and 1(b), respectively, and 12 saponin constituents were identified by comparing the DAD spectrums (Data not shown), retention times with standard compounds, and spiking extracts with the standard substances further confirmed the identifications. e observed changes in individual constituents of different samples are shown in Figure 2. e contents of saponins varied during the steaming process

Summary

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of age-related dementia and a devastating neurodegenerative disorder worldwide [1]. In the absence of any effective preventive measures and therapeutic interventions, AD is, considered as a public health threat for our aging society. Mounting evidence supports that the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and oxidative stress are crucial pathogenesis of AD [2, 3]. In AD patients, a 40- or 42-amino-acid peptide (Aβ1-40 or Aβ1-42) called Aβ is raised in the brain [4]. The brain is highly susceptible to oxidative damage [6].

Methods

Results

Conclusion