Abstract
During hundreds of years of medication, it is believed that the steamed Panax notoginseng (SPN) can enrich and regulate the blood, replenish the body, and improve the health. The aim of this study was to optimize the steaming conditions of SPN which are related to the hematopoietic effect. In the study, network pharmacology and pharmacological experiments were used to predict and verify the potential hematopoietic active ingredients of SPN. Three variables including the steaming time (2-10 h), steaming temperature (90-130°C), and different producing areas of PN were investigated by using single-factor analysis. Box-Behnken design response surface methodology (BBD-RSM) was performed to explore the optimized steaming conditions which are responsible for the hematopoietic effect of SPN. Furthermore, the hematopoietic effect of the optimized SPN was evaluated. Results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rd, Rh1, Rh4, Rk3, and 20(S)-Rg3 can significantly increase blood routine parameters and expressions of hematopoietic factors in anemia mice. The total contents of the five ginsenosides were selected as evaluation indexes of the response surface method. We found that the PN from Wenshan steamed at 120°C for 5 h could significantly increase the levels of blood routine parameters and hematopoietic factor expression compared with the model group. The study not only provides data support for the determination of hematinic effect-related markers for SPN but also gives a scientific reference for the processing of SPN which has a better hematopoietic effect. The underlying mechanisms require further research.
Highlights
During hundreds of years of medication, there was a description for Panax notoginseng (PN) properties that “the raw PN (RPN) materials eliminate and the steamed ones tonify” [1, 2]
The twenty-four kinds of saponins of steamed PN (SPN) which have been reported in the literature were investigated [2, 5, 25]
Based on the drug composition and protein target database, there were 810 protein targets involved in the construction of the pharmacological network of “constituent-targetdisease,” including 205 indirect targets of those saponins, 87 targets related to anemia, and 518 interactional proteins associated with the anemia targets and SPN constituents
Summary
During hundreds of years of medication, there was a description for Panax notoginseng (PN) properties that “the raw PN (RPN) materials eliminate and the steamed ones tonify” [1, 2]. The changes of content and type of saponins in the steaming process were responsible for the significant differences in the RPN and SPN. The reason may be that due to the application of high temperature and pressure during the steaming process, the glycosidic bonds of saponins were cleaved and some of the glycosyl groups were removed, which may be accompanied with the dehydration reaction of the side chains and the configuration changes of C-20, and converted into other saponins with less glycosyl groups [6]
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