Abstract
Needled fabric structure has been examined using a method by which pieces of fabric are set in resin, and sections cut from the resultant block for viewing under a microscope. The effect of needles on web material can be discerned by incorporation of coloured tracer layers on the web surface before needling. In this manner the effects of needling density, needle penetration and needle blade gauge on fabric vertical structure have been shown. The influence of needling density and web structure on fabric horizontal structure is also discussed; and a model assembly has been employed to illustrate how fibres become attached to needles during punching.
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