The structural organization and functions of the ERMES complex in fungi

Abstract

<p indent=0mm>In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria, the double-membrane bound organelle, form different networks by undergoing constant fission and fusion to meet the changing energy demands. The proper function of mitochondria and the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics depend on the proper contact of mitochondria with other subcellular organelles and the materials exchanged between the two contacting organelles. Mitochondria form contact sites with many organelles including lipid droplets, peroxisomes, vacuoles, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) mediates the contact between the ER and mitochondria and plays important roles in regulating mitochondrial morphology and functions. Malfunctions of the ERMES complex affect mitochondrial dynamics, calcium signalling, lipid transport, drug resistance and tolerance in fungi, and the virulence of pathogenic fungi. In this review, we discuss the structural organization, functions, and the regulation of the ERMES complex.