Abstract

The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention was signed on 10 April 1972 and entered into force on 26 March 1975 when 22 States Parties had ratified the Convention. Today, it has 150 States Parties and 16 Signatory States. At successive Review Conferences the importance of strengthening the effectiveness of the Convention and improving implementation have been recognized which led to the agreement in 1986 at the Second Review Conference of four Confidence-Building Measures which were extended in 1991 at the Third Review Conference. The Third Review Conference also saw the agreement that an ad hoc group of governmental experts (VEREX) should be set up to examine possible verification measures from a scientific and technological viewpoint. VEREX met twice in 1992 and twice in 1993 producing a final report which was considered by a Special Conference of the States Parties to the Convention in 1994.

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