Abstract
As official concerns over the possible proliferation of biological weapons have increased, they have been paralleled by efforts to strengthen the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC). These efforts began with the introduction of a system of Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) at the second five-yearly Review Conference in 1986 and the subsequent elaboration of these measures at the Third Review Conference in 1991. At the Third Review, in addition, an Ad Hoc Group of government experts (VEREX) was mandated to identify and examine, from a scientific and technical standpoint, potential measures that could determine: Whether a State Party is developing, producing, stockpiling, acquiring or retaining microbial or other biological agents or toxins, of types and in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic, protective or other peaceful purposes; and Whether a State Party is developing, producing, stockpiling, acquiring or retaining weapons, equipment or means of delivery designed to use such agents or toxins for hostile purposes or in armed conflict.
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